Modal Hedges in Para-pharmaceutical Product Instructions: Some Examples from English and Serbian

The paper investigates how modal hedges (Coates 1983) understood as expressions of procedural meaning, i.e. expressions which instruct the addressee/reader how to process the propositional content of an utterance/statement (Watts 2004) are used in product descriptions, advertisements and consumer instructions leaflets for a number of products belonging to the Consumer Health Care category for the purposes of complying with consumer protection laws on the one hand and serving as an implicit disclaimer of manufacturer’s responsibility on the other. The analysis is carried out contrastively for two languages, English and Serbian. The results obtained are discussed and viewed as a matter of cultural variety and difference, especially taking into consideration the fact that consumer protection laws seem to be equally strict in US, UK and Commonwealth, Europe and Serbia.

Effects of cisplatin on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione redox status in the liver of male rats: The protective role of selenium

The role of oxidative stress in cisplatin (CP) toxicity and its prevention by pretreatment with selenium (Se) was investigated. Male Wistar albino rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg CP/kg b.m., i.p.) and selenium (6 mg Se/kg b.m, as Na2SeO3, i.p.) alone or in combination. The results suggest that CP intoxication induces oxidative stress and alters the glutathione redox status: reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (GSH RI), resulting in increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver. The pretreatment with selenium prior to CP treatment showed a protective effect against the toxic influence of CP on peroxidation of the membrane lipids and an altering of the glutathione redox status in the liver of rats. From our results we conclude that selenium functions as a potent antioxidant and suggest that it can control CP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Rediscovery of Chara canescens Loiseleur in Serbia

Chara canescens is the only charophyte performing parthenogenetic reproduction. Although most recently found populations consist solely of parthenogenetically reproducing females, bisexual populations exist as well, making the species a unique example of the sympatric occurrence of both reproductive modes. In Serbia, C. canescens was found only once for certain, near Prokuplje in 2005. The purpose of the present study is to report a reliable new finding of C. canescens in Serbia, in a stable parthenogenetic female population. Sampling was conducted on 7 July 2018 from the Plava Banja pond near the city of Kikinda. Results of water analyses revealed high concentrations of almost all measured parameters, but especially high levels of salinity and alkalinity markers. Very high concentrations of sulphates and chlorides in the Plava Banja pond pointed to extreme ion anomalies. On the basis of the concentration of nutrients in it, the Plava Banja pond can be characterised as a eutrophic water body. Chara specimens collected from this pond were identified as C. canescens, and only females in the reproductive phase were detected. The environmental features of this habitat are typical in relation to preferences of the given species for light and salinity (ion concentration). This record is of great importance because C. canescens has been declared to be probably extinct in the wild in Serbia

Abandoned artificial saline pond – safe place for rare/endangered species

Inland saline ecosystems are characterized by very specific and unique biodiversity Still, biodiversity studies of saline habitats are mostly focused on lakes and ponds of natural origin We investigated the biodiversity of submerged macrophytes, phytoplankton and phytobenthos in the saline pond near Kikinda city (in Vojvodina, the northern province of Serbia) that was artificially made by commercial clay digging and abandoned in the landscape of the city suburban over time Collecting samples and field measurements were conducted in July 2018 The dense cover of macrophytes in the litoral area consisted of a carpet of Chara canescens with sparse specimens of Zannichellia palustris This is the second currently known locality of C canescens in Serbia which was recently rediscovered Despite the relatively wide range of this typically brackish species, populations of C canescens are isolated, and it is worldwide considered threatened/endangered and rare A total number of 27 algal taxa were detected in phytoplankton A few taxa characteristic for saline or brackish water were detected Oocystis submarina Merismopedia warmingiana Euglena proxima However, the majority of detected taxa can be characterized as halotolerant In the phytobenthic community 15 diatom taxa were recorded The most dominant genus was Nitzschia 4 species) Brackish water species were also recorded (e g Tryblionella hungarica T apiculata Navicymbula pusilla first recorded in Serbian flora in 2018 was also discovered here Generally low diversity, typical for saline habitats, was observed in relation to all communities, however typically brackish, rare/endangered species were recorded Since our preliminary results (obtained after one sampling occasion) indicate the potential for detecting specific biodiversity in macrophyte, phytoplankton, and phytobenthic communities in one artificial saline pond, we propose conducting a detailed study of this and other ponds of similar origin.10th International Shallow Lakes Conference, Towards a landscape ecology of shallow lakes, virtual format, March 1st to 5th 2021

Effects of cisplatin on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione redox status in the liver of male rats: The protective role of selenium

The role of oxidative stress in cisplatin (CP) toxicity and its prevention by pretreatment with selenium (Se) was investigated. Male Wistar albino rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg CP/kg b.m., i.p.) and selenium (6 mg Se/kg b.m, as Na2SeO3, i.p.) alone or in combination. The results suggest that CP intoxication induces oxidative stress and alters the glutathione redox status: reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (GSH RI), resulting in increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver. The pretreatment with selenium prior to CP treatment showed a protective effect against the toxic influence of CP on peroxidation of the membrane lipids and an altering of the glutathione redox status in the liver of rats. From our results we conclude that selenium functions as a potent antioxidant and suggest that it can control CP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Učinak gumene podne obloge u odjeljcima za pojedinačno držanje tijekom gravidnosti na ozljede i hromost u nazimica

Rubber mats have not yet been widely established in pig production. However, studies mostly focusing on lesions, lameness and behaviours of lactating and group-housed pregnant sows have reported favourable results. To the best of our knowledge, lesions and lameness in sows or gilts housed individually in rubber floor gestation stalls have not been previously investigated. This study was carried out on a commercial pigbreeding farm service unit during a 28-day production cycle in all seasons. Twentyeight gilts were divided into two equal groups, control and experimental groups, and observed for each cycle. The control group was housed in standard gestation stalls with concrete slatted floor, which in the experimental group was covered with an adjusted rubber mat. During each cycle, lesions were scored on days 1, 8, 15 and 28, and lameness on day 1 and upon gilt transfer from the service unit on day 29. Gilts in rubber floor stalls showed significant reduction (P<0.05) in lesions during the cooler period. Conversely, mats had no impact on lameness score in any season. No significant correlations were found between lesions and the percentage of gilts with a particular lameness score. Accordingly, rubber flooring may improve the welfare of gilts in gestation stalls through lower lesion incidence; however, ambient temperature should be taken into consideration when available.Gumene podne obloge u svinjogojskoj proizvodnji nemaju još primjenu u praksi. Međutim, istraživanja koja su se uglavnom odnosila na ozljede, hromost i ponašanje dojnih i skupno držanih gravidnih krmača polučila su pozitivne rezultate. Prema našim saznanjima, nisu provedena istraživanja pojavnosti ozljeda i hromosti u krmača ili nazimica koje su tijekom gravidnosti držane pojedinačno, u odjeljcima s gumenom podnom oblogom. Ovo istraživanje provedeno je u pripustilištu komercijalne svinjogojske farme tijekom 28-dnevnog proizvodnog ciklusa u svim godišnjim dobima. Svaki ciklus obuhvatio je 28 nazimica podijeljenih u dvije jednake skupine, kontrolnu i pokusnu. Nazimice kontrolne skupine bile su u standardnim odjeljcima za pojedinačno držanje tijekom gravidnosti, s betonskim rešetkastim podom, koji je u pokusnoj skupini nazimica bio prekriven prilagođenom gumenom podnom oblogom. Ozljede su se procjenjivale 1., 8., 15. i 28. dana svakog ciklusa, a hromost 1. dana pojedinog ciklusa i prilikom premještanja nazimica iz pripustilišta (29. dan). U nazimica pokusne skupine utvrđeno je značajno manje (P<0,05) ozljeda u hladnijem razdoblju, dok obloge nisu imale utjecaja na hromost nazimica ni u jednom godišnjem dobu. Nisu ustvrđene značajne povezanosti između ozljeda i udjela nazimica s određenim stupnjem hromosti. Može se zaključiti da gumene podne obloge poboljšavaju dobrobit nazimica držanih u pojedinačnim odjeljcima tijekom gravidnosti, kroz manju učestalost ozljeda; međutim, pri njihovoj primjeni trebaju se uzeti u obzir ambijentalne temperature

Effects of cisplatin on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione redox status in the liver of male rats: The protective role of selenium

The role of oxidative stress in cisplatin (CP) toxicity and its prevention by pretreatment with selenium (Se) was investigated. Male Wistar albino rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg CP/kg b.m., i.p.) and selenium (6 mg Se/kg b.m, as Na2SeO3, i.p.) alone or in combination. The results suggest that CP intoxication induces oxidative stress and alters the glutathione redox status: reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (GSH RI), resulting in increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver. The pretreatment with selenium prior to CP treatment showed a protective effect against the toxic influence of CP on peroxidation of the membrane lipids and an altering of the glutathione redox status in the liver of rats. From our results we conclude that selenium functions as a potent antioxidant and suggest that it can control CP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.U našoj studiji ispitivana je uloga oksidacionog stresa u toksičnosti cisplatina (SR) i njegova prevencija pretretmanom selenom (Se). Mužjaci Wistar albino pacova su inicirani jednom dozom cisplatina (7.5 mg CP/kg t.m., i.p.) i selena (6 mg Se/kg t.m, kao Na2SeO3, i.p.) pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji. Rezultati pokazuju da intoksikacija SR uzrokuje oksidacioni stres i promenu glutation redoks statusa: redukovanog (GSH), oksidovanog (GSSG) i GSH/GSSG indeksa (GSH RI), kao i povećanje lipidne peroksidacije (LPO) u jetri pacova. Tretman Se koji je prethodio tretmanu SR pokazao je zaštitne efekte protiv toksičnog delovanja SR na peroksidaciju lipida membrane i promenu glutation redoks statusa u jetri pacova. Na osnovu naših rezultata zaključujemo da Se, deluje kao snažan antioksidans i da može imati ulogu u kontroli SR indukovane hepatotoksičnosti kod pacova.Projekat ministarstva br. 143035

Expansion of invasive diatom species Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M.Schmidt and Diadesmis confervacea (Grun.) Hustedt in the waters of Serbia

For the first time in Serbia, the presence of Didymosphenia geminata was recorded in lakes of the Šar Planina mountain (Urošević, 1994). Subsequently, it was observed in the rivers Danube, Tisa, Sava. Detailed range of D. geminata spreading in the waters of Serbia was given by Subakov-Simić et al. (2006). Throughout monitiring rivers and channels in Serbia we recorded expand of this species in norther part of Serbia, Vojvodina, in the channel Novi Sad-Savino Selo. Diadesmis confervacea is diatom with a mainly tropical distribution. Majority of the findings in Europe originate from quiescent waters of botanical gardens and it is common in power plant discharges (Coste and Ector, 2000). They suggest it is invasive species that may spread further if global warming persists. While monitoring rivers and channels of Serbia from 2002 till 2013 we noticed the rapid expansion of distribution of D. confervacea. It occupied new habitats and nowadays can be found in the rivers Jegrička and Zasavica, as well in the channals Bački Petrovac-Karavukovo, Bečej-Bogojevo and Kikindski kanal in Vojvodina.6th Balkan Botanical Congress, Rijeka, September 14-18, 201